It’s a comforting thought that love, warmth and emotional closeness might do more than simply improve our mood. But is that really true? Films across the world, romantic novels and even occasions like Valentine’s Day often make us believe that love — especially romantic love — can change everything. But can it also make our immune system stronger?

While it may sound poetic, research suggests there is some biological basis behind this idea. Over the last two decades, studies in psychoneuroimmunology — a field that explores the connection between the brain, hormones and the immune system — have shown that our emotional health and physical health are closely linked.

“It sounds appealing to believe that warm and loving emotions can do more than lift our mood and may also boost immunity,” says Mr. S Giriprasad, Psychologist at Aster Whitefield, Bengaluru. “Research over the past 20 years indicates there is some truth to this, but it’s not magic.”

Scientists now know that chronic stress, loneliness and relationship conflicts can negatively affect immune responses. On the other hand, supportive and healthy relationships can help reduce stress and inflammation. However, experts stress that love cannot replace vaccines, proper nutrition or medical treatment. Instead, it may play a supportive role in strengthening overall immune resilience.

The Brain-Immune Link: Understanding Psychoneuroimmunology

Research in psychoneuroimmunology confirms that the nervous system and immune system are constantly interacting. When someone experiences long-term stress or loneliness, the body releases cortisol — a stress hormone — which can weaken certain immune functions over time.

“We now understand that prolonged stress and loneliness lead to the release of stress hormones like cortisol,” explains Mr. Giriprasad. “In contrast, positive relationships can lower stress levels and are linked to reduced inflammation. In simple terms, our emotions influence our biology, and biology impacts our health.”

Oxytocin: The ‘Love Hormone’ and Immunity

Oxytocin, commonly known as the “love hormone,” is released during bonding, physical touch and emotional connection. It plays a major role in trust and attachment. But does it directly improve immunity?

“Oxytocin is linked to bonding, care and affection,” says Mr. Giriprasad. “Some studies suggest it may have anti-inflammatory and immune-supporting properties, but its effects depend heavily on context and relationship quality. It is certainly not a miracle solution.”

Research shows that oxytocin may influence inflammation and wound healing, but its impact varies depending on stress levels and individual differences. Overall, oxytocin may indirectly support immune balance mainly by reducing stress.

Hugs, Social Support and the Common Cold

One well-known study from Carnegie Mellon University found that people who reported strong social support and received more frequent hugs were less likely to develop cold symptoms after being exposed to a virus.

“This shows how social support helps buffer stress,” says Mr. Giriprasad.

Large-scale population studies have also linked strong social connections with lower inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CRP) and better heart health. In contrast, loneliness has been associated with higher cardiovascular risk and changes in immune-related gene activity.

Does Romantic Love Provide Special Immune Benefits?

Romantic love triggers hormonal changes, including shifts in dopamine and oxytocin. However, simply being “in love” does not automatically strengthen immunity.

“Early stages of romantic love are linked to hormonal fluctuations and short-term changes in immune-related genes, but these do not directly guarantee protective health benefits,” explains Mr. Giriprasad. “The quality of the relationship matters much more than just being in one.”

Research from the American Psychological Association shows that supportive and low-conflict relationships help reduce stress-related immune issues. On the other hand, high-conflict relationships can increase inflammation. Simply put, healthy love may support immunity, while toxic relationships can weaken it.

The Indirect Effects: Stress, Sleep and Lifestyle

The immune benefits of love are usually indirect. Strong relationships often encourage:

• Lower chronic stress

• Better sleep quality

• Healthier habits such as balanced diet, exercise and following medical advice

Health authorities confirm that poor sleep and long-term stress weaken immune function. “When people have strong support systems, their bodies cope better with illness,” says Mr. Giriprasad. “But again, it’s more about relationship quality than just romance.”

Research also shows that chronic stress can disturb immune regulation and increase vulnerability to infections and inflammatory diseases. Psychological stress can alter immune cell behaviour and inflammatory signalling.

Practical Public Health Takeaways

Medical professionals now recognise social connection as a meaningful — though moderate — contributor to immune resilience.

“Social connection should complement, not replace, vaccination, good nutrition, adequate sleep and proper medical care,” Mr. Giriprasad emphasises.

He recommends:

• Building structured social support

• Seeking conflict resolution or couple therapy when needed

• Staying engaged in community activities

• Practising safe physical affection

• Using stress management techniques like mindfulness and cognitive behavioural therapy

However, he also warns against overgeneralising the findings. “Most studies show correlations, not direct cause-and-effect relationships. More research is still ongoing.”

So, can love improve immunity?

The answer is nuanced. Love is not a miracle cure, and romance alone will not protect you from illness. However, strong and supportive relationships can reduce stress, lower inflammation and promote healthier lifestyles — all of which contribute to better immune resilience.

“Love may have a small but meaningful role in maintaining health,” concludes Mr. Giriprasad. “A healthier immune system begins with good relationships, reduced stress and proper rest.”

In medicine, love may not replace vaccines — but it may quietly help the body handle life’s challenges better.

Disclaimer:

This article provides general information only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare expert for personal medical concerns. The publisher does not take responsibility for this information.